![]() An open airway and sufficient breathing should be established. Treatment of shock is based on the likely underlying cause. The heart rate divided by systolic blood pressure, known as the shock index (SI), of greater than 0.8 supports the diagnosis more than low blood pressure or a fast heart rate in isolation. A decreased pulse pressure (systolic blood pressure minus diastolic blood pressure) or a fast heart rate raises concerns. The diagnosis is generally based on a combination of symptoms, physical examination, and laboratory tests. Distributed shock may be due to sepsis, spinal cord injury, or certain overdoses. Obstructive shock may be due to cardiac tamponade or a tension pneumothorax. Cardiogenic shock may be due to a heart attack or cardiac contusion. Low volume shock may be from bleeding, diarrhea, vomiting, or pancreatitis. Shock is divided into four main types based on the underlying cause: low volume, cardiogenic, obstructive, and distributive shock. This may be followed by confusion, unconsciousness, or cardiac arrest as complications worsen. Shock is the state of not enough blood flow to the tissues of the body as a result of problems with the circulatory system.Initial symptoms may include weakness, fast heart rate, fast breathing, sweating, anxiety, and increased thirst. ![]()
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